Réponse humorale anti-Plasmodium falciparum AMA1 et MSP1 dans deux groupes ethniques vivant en sympatrie au Mali Humoral immune anti-Plasmodium falciparum AMA1 and MSP1 response in two ethnic groups living in sympatry in Mali

Fulani of Mali are known for their lower susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria than their neighbours, the Dogon, despite similar transmission conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying these differences are poorly understood, particularly those concerning antigenspecific immune responses. The Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1) and the Merozoite Surface Antigen 1 (MSP1) are two malaria vaccine candidates, which play a pivotal role during the invasion of parasites into erythrocytes, and in the case of AMA1, of hepatocytes. Therefore, we analyzed the level of anti-AMA1 and anti-MSP1 antibodies (FVO and 3D7 alleles), by using ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) to investigate whether there are differences between the two ethnic groups. Our results show that the splenic rate, the level of anti-AMA1 and anti-MSP1 were significantly higher in Fulani compared to Dogon; while the parasite rate was lower in Fulani group compared to Dogon. Our results suggest that the lower susceptibility of Fulani to malaria could be due to the higher specific humoral responses against AMA1 and MSP 1 in Fulani’s ethnic group compared to Dogon.